Miko Niikawa

Difference in Perspectives: The Impact of Gender on Art Evaluation

Miko Niikawa – artist, Japan

Abstract:

This paper examines how gender-based values and backgrounds influence the evaluation of paintings and sculptures in Japan. Over the past decade, it has been observed that works by female artists constitute only 11% of collections in American art museums. Worldwide efforts are underway to address this imbalance, including increasing acquisitions of works by female artists and rediscovering the historical contributions of women. However, as the surviving works by female artists remain limited, it is still challenging to alter the fact that most artworks were created by male artists and evaluated according to male-dominated standards. Additionally, as of 2024, fine art textbooks in Japan feature very few female artists. The study aims to support diverse educators and students in achieving fairer evaluations and experiencing a broader range of artistic perspectives by analysing past works through a gender-based lens. It highlights the values and viewpoints of Japanese women, which have often been overlooked or undervalued in the art world. Initial surveys with students in Japanese higher education institutions confirmed the existence of gender-based differences in the evaluation and perception of specific artworks. Some pieces received different ratings from men and women, especially in particular genres, while others showed fewer gender-based distinctions. Further analysis explored the patterns underlying these evaluative differences. By amplifying women’s voices and perspectives, the study challenges the traditional art appreciation values that have historically prevailed and continue to shape contemporary perspectives.